pat\u00f3geno <\/b><\/span>infeccioso en el mundo, seg\u00fan la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (OMS)<\/b>.<\/p>\nEl hallazgo, que fue realizado por investigadores del Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC)<\/b>, fue posible gracias a una t\u00e9cnica que se conoce como secuenciaci\u00f3n de lectura larga. <\/p>\n
Permite lee fragmentos continuos y extensos del ADN bacteriano, a diferencia de los m\u00e9todos anteriores, que lo cortaban en trozos peque\u00f1os y luego intentaban reconstruir el rompecabezas.<\/p>\n
Zonas del ADN que antes eran invisibles<\/h2>\n
![\"El](\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Los m\u00e9todos convencionales dejaban sin analizar entre el 5% y el 10% del genoma de la bacteria, es decir, de su material gen\u00e9tico completo.<\/p>\n
La paradoja, seg\u00fan el equipo investigador, es que esas zonas ignoradas son precisamente las m\u00e1s variables y con mayor peso biol\u00f3gico.<\/p>\n
El investigador del CSIC I\u00f1aki Comas<\/b> lider\u00f3 el trabajo y advirti\u00f3 que las t\u00e9cnicas habituales tienen limitaciones serias para detectar regiones del ADN muy repetitivas, as\u00ed como inserciones, deleciones \u2014fragmentos que se a\u00f1aden o se pierden\u2014 y grandes reorganizaciones en la estructura del genoma. Esos puntos ciegos distorsionaban la imagen real del pat\u00f3geno.<\/p>\n
![\"La](\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-2.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Con la nueva metodolog\u00eda, el equipo reconstruy\u00f3 216 genomas completos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/b><\/i> a partir de muestras cl\u00ednicas de pacientes de la Comunidad Valenciana.<\/p>\n
Ll\u00facia Mart\u00ednez, responsable del servicio de secuenciaci\u00f3n de la Fundaci\u00f3n Fisabio \u2014entidad colaboradora del proyecto\u2014, destac\u00f3 que la tecnolog\u00eda permite leer fragmentos de ADN continuos de gran longitud, lo que posibilit\u00f3 ensamblar esos genomas con una resoluci\u00f3n sin precedentes en muestras cl\u00ednicas locales.<\/p>\n
La bacteria evoluciona m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que se cre\u00eda<\/h2>\n
![\"Los](\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-3.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Ana Mar\u00eda Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn<\/b>, investigadora del IBV-CSIC y primera autora del estudio, precis\u00f3 que la comparaci\u00f3n de genomas completos alter\u00f3 una de las medidas centrales para entender al bacilo: la tasa evolutiva, es decir, la velocidad a la que la bacteria acumula cambios gen\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n
Esa tasa result\u00f3 ser 1,44 veces mayor (un 44% m\u00e1s alta) que la estimada con los m\u00e9todos anteriores.<\/p>\n
Gran parte de esa diversidad gen\u00e9tica se concentra en los genes pe\/ppe, un grupo de genes relacionados con la forma en que la bacteria interact\u00faa con el sistema inmunitario humano, las defensas del organismo.<\/p>\n
Esa variabilidad ocurre por un mecanismo llamado conversi\u00f3n g\u00e9nica: un gen copia parte de su secuencia en otro gen cercano y produce cambios que las t\u00e9cnicas convencionales no detectaban.<\/p>\n
Algunos de esos cambios afectan regiones del genoma estudiadas como posibles blancos para el desarrollo de vacunas, aunque el impacto exacto de esas alteraciones a\u00fan no se conoce.<\/p>\n
Mejor mapa gen\u00e9tico, mejor rastreo de contagios<\/h2>\n
![\"El](\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-4.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Al identificar mutaciones y cambios estructurales antes invisibles, el equipo logr\u00f3 reconstruir con mayor precisi\u00f3n las cadenas de transmisi\u00f3n, es decir, qui\u00e9n contagi\u00f3 a qui\u00e9n y en qu\u00e9 orden.<\/p>\n
Comas explic\u00f3 que esa capacidad permite incluso determinar la direcci\u00f3n de los contagios dentro de un brote comunitario, lo que da a los servicios de salud p\u00fablica una herramienta m\u00e1s afinada para cortar la propagaci\u00f3n del bacilo.<\/p>\n
La misma informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica puede guiar el dise\u00f1o de ant\u00edgenos \u2014las mol\u00e9culas que activan las defensas del cuerpo\u2014 para futuras vacunas, con menor riesgo de que la bacteria desarrolle mecanismos para escapar del sistema inmunitario.<\/p>\n
La cepa de referencia genera falsos positivos<\/h2>\n
![\"El](\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-5.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
El equipo tambi\u00e9n analiz\u00f3 qu\u00e9 ocurre cuando la bacteria infecta a un mismo paciente a lo largo del tiempo. Al comparar los resultados con los de la cepa est\u00e1ndar de laboratorio H37Rv, que es la referencia m\u00e1s usada en el mundo para estudiar la tuberculosis, el panorama cambi\u00f3 de forma dr\u00e1stica.<\/p>\n
Garc\u00eda Mar\u00edn indic\u00f3 que, al usar genomas de referencia espec\u00edficos para cada paciente en lugar de esa cepa est\u00e1ndar, el an\u00e1lisis captur\u00f3 la diversidad real de la bacteria durante la infecci\u00f3n y evit\u00f3 que hasta el 82% de las variantes detectadas resultaran ser falsos positivos, es decir, se\u00f1ales que parec\u00edan cambios gen\u00e9ticos reales pero no lo eran.<\/p>\n
En el estudio participaron el Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red (CIBER) de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, la Universitat de Valencia y hospitales de la Comunitat Valenciana agrupados en el Consorcio Valencia Region TB Working Group. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de Espa\u00f1a traz\u00f3 el mapa gen\u00e9tico m\u00e1s preciso hasta la fecha de la bacteria que causa la tuberculosis, llamada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Descubri\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n que el pat\u00f3geno cambia y muta mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que la ciencia calculaba. Los resultados se publicaron en la revista Nature Communications. La tuberculosis provoc\u00f3 1,23…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":76394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salud"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-150x150.jpg","medium":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-300x169.jpg","medium_large":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-768x432.jpg","large":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-1024x576.jpg","1536x1536":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-1536x864.jpg","2048x2048":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10.jpg","newsmatic-featured":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-820x545.jpg","newsmatic-list":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-600x400.jpg","newsmatic-thumb":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-300x200.jpg","newsmatic-small":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-150x95.jpg","newsmatic-grid":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-400x250.jpg"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"admin","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/76e419471a2083bc3ceab22a763dbbf9b0c1bd15a6214cf3280e2c2dde4580f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":"0","magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de Espa\u00f1a traz\u00f3 el mapa gen\u00e9tico m\u00e1s preciso hasta la fecha de la bacteria que causa la tuberculosis, llamada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Descubri\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n que el pat\u00f3geno cambia y muta mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que la ciencia calculaba. Los resultados se publicaron en la revista Nature Communications. La tuberculosis provoc\u00f3 1,23...","magazineBlocksPostCategories":["Salud"],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":4,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":5,"magazine_blocks_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10.jpg",1920,1080,false],"medium":["https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis-10-150x150.jpg",150,150,true]},"magazine_blocks_author":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/index.php\/author\/lobos-news\/"},"magazine_blocks_comment":0,"magazine_blocks_author_image":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/76e419471a2083bc3ceab22a763dbbf9b0c1bd15a6214cf3280e2c2dde4580f9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","magazine_blocks_category":"Salud<\/a>","yoast_head":"\nUn estudio espa\u00f1ol descubri\u00f3 variantes gen\u00e9ticas ocultas de la bacteria que causa la tuberculosis - Lobos News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lobosnews.com.ar\/index.php\/2026\/06\/30\/un-estudio-espanol-descubrio-variantes-geneticas-ocultas-de-la-bacteria-que-causa-la-tuberculosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un estudio espa\u00f1ol descubri\u00f3 variantes gen\u00e9ticas ocultas de la bacteria que causa la tuberculosis - Lobos News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de Espa\u00f1a traz\u00f3 el mapa gen\u00e9tico m\u00e1s preciso hasta la fecha de la bacteria que causa la tuberculosis, llamada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Descubri\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n que el pat\u00f3geno cambia y muta mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que la ciencia calculaba. Los resultados se publicaron en la revista Nature Communications. 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